一、默认网站
每一个web服务器软件一般默认都会提供一个用于测试的网站，apache也为用户提供了一个默认网站。默认网站的配置写在默认配置文件中。
二、配置文件
[root@zutuanxue conf]# cat httpd.conf
## This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.# See (URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/); for detailed information.# In particular, see# URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html;# for a discussion of each configuration directive.## Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure# consult the online docs. You have been warned.## Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log"# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the# server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log"# will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'.## ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's# configuration, error, and log files are kept.## Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at# least PidFile.##apache软件根目录，apache安装路径。ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"## Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory# for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults## Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default# mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some# other reason.## Mutex default:logs## Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost># directive.## Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.##设置apache监听端口及监听IP地址#Listen 12.34.56.78:80Listen 80## Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support## To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need# to be loaded here.## 动态共享对象支持,使用LoadModule指令为apaceh添加功能模块 --enable-so# Example:# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so## 可载入模块，参考(http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/)LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so#LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so#LoadModule mpm_worker_module modules/mod_mpm_worker.soLoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so#LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so#LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so#LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so#LoadModule authn_socache_module modules/mod_authn_socache.soLoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.soLoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.soLoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.soLoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so#LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so#LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so#LoadModule authz_dbd_module modules/mod_authz_dbd.soLoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.soLoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.soLoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so#LoadModule auth_form_module modules/mod_auth_form.so#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so#LoadModule allowmethods_module modules/mod_allowmethods.so#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so#LoadModule cache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so#LoadModule cache_socache_module modules/mod_cache_socache.so#LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so#LoadModule socache_dbm_module modules/mod_socache_dbm.so#LoadModule socache_memcache_module modules/mod_socache_memcache.so#LoadModule socache_redis_module modules/mod_socache_redis.so#LoadModule watchdog_module modules/mod_watchdog.so#LoadModule macro_module modules/mod_macro.so#LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so#LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so#LoadModule buffer_module modules/mod_buffer.so#LoadModule ratelimit_module modules/mod_ratelimit.soLoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so#LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so#LoadModule request_module modules/mod_request.so#LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.soLoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so#LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so#LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so#LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.soLoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.soLoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so#LoadModule log_debug_module modules/mod_log_debug.so#LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.soLoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.soLoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.soLoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.soLoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so#LoadModule remoteip_module modules/mod_remoteip.so#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so#LoadModule proxy\_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so#LoadModule proxy_uwsgi_module modules/mod_proxy_uwsgi.so#LoadModule proxy_fdpass_module modules/mod_proxy_fdpass.so#LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module modules/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so#LoadModule proxy_express_module modules/mod_proxy_express.so#LoadModule proxy_hcheck_module modules/mod_proxy_hcheck.so#LoadModule session_module modules/mod_session.so#LoadModule session_cookie_module modules/mod_session_cookie.so#LoadModule session_dbd_module modules/mod_session_dbd.so#LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so#LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so#LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module modules/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so#LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module modules/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.soLoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.soLoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.soLoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so#LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so#LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.soLoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so#LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.soLoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so#启用模块 unixd_module 设置apache守护进程httpd的管理用户和组#启用模块注意格式 <IfModule 模块名称_module>#结束</IfModule>#启用的前提是已经使用LoadModule指令载入了该模块<IfModule unixd\_module>## If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run# httpd as root initially and it will switch.## User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for# running httpd, as with most system services.##指定守护进程httpd的管理用户User daemon#指定守护进程httpd的管理组Group daemon</IfModule># 'Main' server configuration## The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.## All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the# virtual host being defined.### ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com##指定管理员email地址ServerAdmin you@example.com## ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.## If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.##指定服务器在DNS上注册的名称 FQDN#ServerName www.example.com:80ServerName 127.0.0.1## Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other# <Directory> blocks below.##apache 目录访问权限#使用<Directory /path> 指定目录路径#拒绝用户通过apache访问你的文件系统/及以下的所有内容<Directory >#是否允许.htaccess实现权限复写AllowOverride none#设置所有人的访问权限 denied 拒绝 granted允许Require all denied#设置结束用</Directory>指令结束</Directory>## Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it# below.### DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.##使用DocumentRoot指定WEB站点的根目录DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"#对默认网站根目录设置访问权限<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs">## Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",# or any combination of:# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews## Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"# doesn't give it to you.## The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see# (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options)# for more information.#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks#Indexes 站点中有index页面优先加载#FollowSymLinks 在WEB站点根目录允许使用链接文件## AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:# AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit##不许使用权限复写AllowOverride None## Controls who can get stuff from this server.##允许所有人访问网站根目录Require all granted</Directory>## DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory# is requested.#指定站点的默认索引文件<IfModule dir\_module>DirectoryIndex index.html</IfModule>## The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being# viewed by Web clients.##是否允许在目录下使用.htaccess 和 .htpassswd文件设置客户端对网站目录访问权限#.htaccess 访问控制#.htpasswd 用户登陆验证#拒绝在目录下使用.ht开头的文件<Files ".ht\*">Require all denied</Files>## ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost># container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost># container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.##错误日志ErrorLog "logs/error_log"## LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error\_log.# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,# alert, emerg.##错误日志记录级别:debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,alert, emerg.LogLevel warn#启用日志模块<IfModule log\_config\_module>## The following directives define some format nicknames for use with# a CustomLog directive (see below).##定义日志格式 LogFormat "日志格式" 日志格式名称LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combinedLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<IfModule logio\_module># 在访问日志中记录每个请求的输入输出字节 %I input %O output# You need to enable mod\_logio.c to use %I and %OLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio</IfModule>## The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost># container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be# logged therein and \*not\* in this file.##定义访问日志路径及日志格式CustomLog "logs/access_log" common## If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.##CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined</IfModule>#使用目录映射<IfModule alias\_module>## URL重定向# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client# will make a new request for the document at its new location.# Example:# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar#URL重定向 Redirect 方法 选项#不同机器重定向将访问http://IP/abc 的用户 重定向访问 http:/www.baidu.comRedirect permanent /abc http://www.baidu.com#本机内部URL重定向 http://IP/123 http://IP/7878 ==注意==：被重定向的目录必须存在 比如7878必须有Redirect permanent /123 /7878#seeother 表示改资源被替换过Redirect seeother /123 /7878#gone 表示改资源被移除了Redirect gone /123#permanent 永久重定向 301#temp 临时重定向#seeother 返回一个seeother状态码(303)提示这个资源被替代#gone 返回一个gone状态码(410)提示这个资源被永久删除了## Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.# Example:# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path## If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to# the filesystem path.#Alias 将URI中的没用了映射到文件系统目录(绝对路径)#比如将网站URL http://ip/abc 访问的/abc目录映射到文件系统/usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878Alias /abc /usr/local/apache/htdocs/7878#需要注意是文件系统路径## ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias# directives as to Alias.#ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"#脚本目录别名</IfModule>#使用外部CGI守护进程执行CGI脚本<IfModule cgid_module>## ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX# socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod\_cgid.##Scriptsock cgisock</IfModule>## "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.##CGI目录的访问权限<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">AllowOverride NoneOptions NoneRequire all granted</Directory>#自定义http的请求头和响应头#RequestHeader 设置请求头 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html#Header 设置响应头 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_headers.html<IfModule headers\_module>## Avoid passing HTTP\_PROXY environment to CGI's on this or any proxied# backend servers which have lingering "httpoxy" defects.# 'Proxy' request header is undefined by the IETF, not listed by IANA#RequestHeader unset Proxy early</IfModule>#将请求的文件扩展名与文件的行为（处理程序和筛选器）和内容（mime类型、语言、字符集和编码）相关联。#明确告诉apache 可以接受什么类型的文件<IfModule mime_module>## TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from# filename extension to MIME-type.#TypesConfig conf/mime.types## AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.##AddType application/x-gzip .tgz## AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.##AddEncoding x-compress .Z#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz## If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:#AddType application/x-compress .ZAddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz## AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server# or added with the Action directive (see below)## To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)##AddHandler cgi-script .cgi# For type maps \(negotiated resources\):#AddHandler type-map var## Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.## To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)##AddType text/html .shtml#AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml</IfModule>## The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.##MIMEMagicFile conf/magic## Customizable error responses come in three flavors:# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects## Some examples:#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing\_handler.pl"#ErrorDocument 402 [http://www.example.com/subscription\_info.html](http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html)### MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before# returning the entire resource, or one of the special# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.#MaxRanges unlimited## EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver# files. This usually improves server performance, but must# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise# broken on your system.# Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off##EnableMMAP off#EnableSendfile on# Supplemental configuration## The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as# necessary.#Include 包含子配置文件# Server-pool management \(MPM specific\)#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf# Multi-language error messages#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf# Fancy directory listings#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf# Language settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf# User home directories#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf# Real-time info on requests and configuration#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf# Virtual hosts#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf# Various default settings#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf# Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1#启动代理模块<IfModule proxy\_html_module>Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf</IfModule>;# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf## Note: The following must must be present to support# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent# but a statically compiled-in mod\_ssl.##启用ssl模块<IfModule ssl_module>SSLRandomSeed startup builtinSSLRandomSeed connect builtin</IfModule>;
