题目描述补充

在面向对象编程中，getter和setter方法是非常重要的概念。它们分别用于获取（get）和设置（set）对象的私有属性，从而实现对对象属性的封装和保护。封装是面向对象编程的三大特性（封装、继承、多态）之一，它隐藏了对象的内部细节，仅通过公共接口（如getter和setter方法）与外界交互。

现在，请实现一个简单的类Person，该类包含私有属性name和age，并为这两个属性分别编写getter和setter方法。此外，为了展示面向对象的多态性（虽然在这个特定问题中不直接体现多态，但我们可以考虑增加一个方法如describe来体现对象的行为），可以添加一个describe方法来输出人的基本信息。

示例代码

PHP

class Person {
    private $name;
    private $age;

    // Setter for name
    public function setName($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    // Getter for name
    public function getName() {
        return $this->name;
    }

    // Setter for age
    public function setAge($age) {
        $this->age = $age;
    }

    // Getter for age
    public function getAge() {
        return $this->age;
    }

    // Describe method to demonstrate behavior
    public function describe() {
        echo "Name: " . $this->name . ", Age: " . $this->age . "\n";
    }
}

// Example usage
$person = new Person();
$person->setName("John Doe");
$person->setAge(30);
$person->describe(); // Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30

Python

class Person:
    def __init__(self):
        self.__name = None
        self.__age = None

    # Setter for name
    def set_name(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    # Getter for name
    def get_name(self):
        return self.__name

    # Setter for age
    def set_age(self, age):
        self.__age = age

    # Getter for age
    def get_age(self):
        return self.__age

    # Describe method to demonstrate behavior
    def describe(self):
        print(f"Name: {self.__name}, Age: {self.__age}")

# Example usage
person = Person()
person.set_name("John Doe")
person.set_age(30)
person.describe()  # Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30

JavaScript

class Person {
    constructor() {
        this._name = null;
        this._age = null;
    }

    // Setter for name
    set name(name) {
        this._name = name;
    }

    // Getter for name
    get name() {
        return this._name;
    }

    // Setter for age
    set age(age) {
        this._age = age;
    }

    // Getter for age
    get age() {
        return this._age;
    }

    // Describe method to demonstrate behavior
    describe() {
        console.log(`Name: ${this._name}, Age: ${this._age}`);
    }
}

// Example usage
let person = new Person();
person.name = "John Doe";
person.age = 30;
person.describe(); // Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30

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